Camera image interpolation apparatus

ABSTRACT

An apparatus and method for generating an image by interpolating, at least on two directions, pixel data based on an imaging signal from a solid-state image sensor in which an imaging light enters through a color filter having a different spectral characteristic for each pixel separately generating interpolated pixel data in the at least two directions. The method includes detecting a correlation value indicative of a degree of correlation in each of the at least two directions of the interpolated pixel data, and normalizing the correlation value of each of the at least two directions. A predetermined correction value is added to the normalized value, and the interpolated pixel data is weighted in each of the at least two directions by the normalized value and adding together the weighted interpolated pixel data in-all of the at least two directions.

This is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/195,380, filed Nov. 18,1998 now U.S. Pat. No. 6,611,287.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a camera signal processing apparatusand a camera signal processing method for processing a camera signalgenerated by a camera apparatus of single-plate type. More particularly,the present invention relates to a camera signal processing apparatusand a camera signal processing method for computing a correlation valueindicative of a correlation between interpolated values of pixels when aluminance signal or a color difference signal is generated from animaging signal generated by a solid-state image sensor.

In a camera apparatus of single-plate type using a solid-state imagesensor such as a charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor (hereaftersimply referred to as a CCD), a color filter for transmitting lightscorresponding to R (Red), G (Green), and B (Blue) is arranged on theCCD. In this color filter, a region for transmitting a red light, aregion for transmitting a green light, and a region for transmitting ablue light are formed in matrix. For example, these regions are arrangedas G, R, G . . . or B, G, B . . . horizontally. The light that passedeach region of the color filter is inputted in the CCD. Then, pixel dataG, pixel data R, and pixel data B are generated from the pixelscorresponding to the R, G, and B regions of the color filter.

In this camera apparatus, a luminance signal and a color signal aregenerated based on the lights inputted in the CCD.

The CCD used in the above-mentioned camera apparatus is arranged with acolor filter having R, G, and B for each pixel. The R, G, and B regionsare arranged as R, G, R, G, . . . horizontally for example. In thiscamera apparatus, a color signal is generated in correspondence with thecolor filter arranged for each pixel. Therefore, in this CCD, in a pixelfor which the color filter for transmitting a red light is arranged, thepixel data G and the pixel data B corresponding to G and B respectivelyare not generated, making it necessary for the data corresponding to Gand B to be generated by interpolation.

In the above-mentioned camera apparatus, a method of processing aluminance camera signal generated by the CCD for example is known inwhich, for reading all pixels, pixel data is generated by performingarithmetic mean on the pixel data corresponding to four pixels, namelytwo vertical pixels and two horizontal pixels of the CCD.

In the single-plate camera apparatus, when generating pixel data byinterpolation, correlation values indicative of correlations in verticaland horizontal directions are detected. In this detection, the signalsof pixels arranged around are calculated by use of a filter to obtainthe correlation value in vertical direction and the correlation value inhorizontal direction. Further, in this camera apparatus, the pixel dataobtained by interpolation is weighted by use of the obtained correlationvalues.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

However, in the above-mentioned camera apparatus, the detection of acorrelation value by the above-mentioned technique may fail to correctlydetect the relationship between vertical correlation and horizontalcorrelation in the pixel data generated by the CCD.

Namely, the relationship between vertical correlation and horizontalcorrelation may not be correctly computed due to the aspect ratio of theCCD or a distortion or noise caused when an analog signal outputted fromthe CCD is detected or a high-frequency signal difficult to be detectedfor example.

If the relationship between vertical correlation and horizontalcorrelation is not correctly computed, it is difficult to determine inwhich of the vertical and horizontal directions the correlation ishigher.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a camerasignal processing apparatus and a camera signal processing methodcapable of varying the relationship between vertical correlation and.horizontal-correlation by considering a signal distortion caused by theCCD for example.

In carrying out the invention and according to one aspect thereof, thereis provided a camera signal processing apparatus comprising: acorrelation detector for detecting a horizontal correlation value and avertical correlation value for indicating degrees of correlation inhorizontal and vertical directions of interpolated pixel data generatedbased on a position of pixel data detected by a solid-state image sensorand pixel data around that position and detecting a horizontalcorrelation value and a vertical correlation value for weighting theinterpolated pixel data; a normalizing circuit for normalizing thehorizontal correlation value and the vertical correlation value detectedby the correlation detector to generate a normalized value indicative ofa relative value between these correlation values; and a correctingcircuit for adding a predetermined correction value to the normalizedvalue generated by the normalizing circuit.

In carrying out the invention and according to another aspect thereof,there is provided a camera signal processing method comprising the stepsof: detecting a horizontal correlation value and a vertical correlationvalue for indicating degrees of correlation in horizontal and verticaldirections of interpolated pixel data generated based on a position ofpixel data detected by a solid-state image sensor and pixel data aroundthat position and detecting a horizontal correlation value and avertical correlation value for weighting the interpolated pixel data;normalizing the horizontal correlation value and the verticalcorrelation value detected in the correlation detecting step to generatea normalized value indicative of a relative value between thesecorrelation values; and adding a predetermined correction value to thenormalized value generated in the normalizing step.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and other objects of the invention will be seen by reference tothe description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing, inwhich:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution of acamera apparatus;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a constitution of asignal processing circuit;

FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of pixeldata R, G, and B each corresponding to each of pixels;

FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitution ofa vertical-direction interpolator;

FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of pixeldata G corresponding to each pixel;

FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating a frequency characteristic of an LPF [1,0, 6, 0, 1];

FIG. 7 is a graph-illustrating a frequency characteristic of an LPF [1,0, 1];

FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of interpolated pixel dataG′ to be generated after interpolation;

FIG. 9 is a circuit digram illustrating an example of ahorizontal-direction interpolator;

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangement of pixeldata B corresponding to each pixel;

FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of an arrangementinterpolated pixel data B′ obtained when vertically performingarithmetic mean on the pixel data B corresponding to each pixel;

FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of interpolated pixel dataB′ to be generated after interpolation;

FIG. 13 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof a vertical-direction interpolator;

FIG. 14 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof an edge processor;

FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of edge processing to beperformed by the edge processor;

FIG. 16 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof a horizontal correlation detector;

FIG. 17 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof a vertical correlation detector;

FIG. 18 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof a noise canceler;

FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating an example of performing subtractionprocessing on a correlation value inputted in the noise canceler;

FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating an example in which the correlationvalue is limited by a negative value;

FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constitution of anoffset circuit;

FIG. 21 is a graph illustrating an example of the variation ininput/output characteristic obtained when an offset value is added to acorrelation value inputted in the offset circuit;

FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating an example of image data that changesin color for each adjacent pixel data;

FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constitution of a biascorrecting circuit;

FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating an example of the variation ininput/output characteristic obtained when a correction value is added toa correlation value inputted in the bias correcting circuit;

FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a constitution of anemphasis/deemphasis circuit;

FIG. 26 is a graph illustrating the variation in input/outputcharacteristic obtained when multiplication is performed on acorrelation value inputted in the emphasis/deemphasis circuit;

FIG. 27 is a circuit diagram illustrating an example of a constitutionof a color difference signal suppressor;

FIG. 28A and FIG. 28B are diagrams illustrating examples of selectingminimum absolute value interpolated pixel data Rh and Gh of the colordifferences of interpolated pixel data Rv and Gv for pixel data R and Gvertically arranged in a color difference signal suppressor,interpolated pixel data Rh and Gh for horizontally arranged pixel data Rand C, and weighted interpolated pixel data Rc and Gc; and

FIGS. 29A and 29B are diagrams illustrating other examples of pixel dataarrangements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

This invention will be described in further detail by way of examplewith reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG. 1, a camera signal processing apparatus associated withthe present invention is applicable to a camera apparatus 1 forgenerating a still image according to an inputted light for example.

The camera apparatus 1 comprises an optical system 2 for forming theimage of a subject onto a CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imager (hereaftersimply referred to as a CCD), a CCD 3, a timing generator 4 for drivingthe CCD 3, a sample-and-hold circuit 5 for into which an imaging signalis inputted, an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) circuit 6 into which theimaging signal is inputted from the sample-and-hold circuit 5 for gaincontrol, an A/D converter 7 for converting the inputted imaging signalinto digital image data, a camera signal processor 8 for performingcamera signal processing on the image data, a CCD detector 9 fordetecting the imaging signal generated by the CCD 3, and a control block10 for controlling the above-mentioned components.

The CCD 3 has a color filter in which a region for transmitting a redlight (R), a region for transmitting a green light (G), and a region fortransmitting a blue light (B) are formed in a matrix. The lightstransmitted through the color filter for each pixel are inputted in theCCD 3. In this color filter, these color transmitting regions arearranged as R, G, R, G, . . . or G, B, G, B, . . . in a horizontaldirection for example. Namely, the CCD 3 generates pixel data R, pixeldata G, and pixel data B based on the lights corresponding to R, G, andB for each pixel.

The image data outputted from the A/D converter 7 is inputted in the CCDdetector 9. The image data detected by the CCD detector 9 is inputted inan AE (Automatic Exposure) circuit and an AF (Automatic Focus) circuit,not shown, for example. The image data inputted in the AE circuit forexample is used for adjusting the speed or aperture of an electronicshutter, thereby automatically switching between the brightness levelsof light entering the CCD 3.

Referring to FIG. 2, the camera signal processor 8 comprises a defectcorrecting circuit 11 into which the image data is inputted from the A/Dconverter 7, a CLP (Clamp) circuit 12 into which the image data isinputted from the defect correcting circuit 11, a white balance circuit13 into which the image data is inputted from the CLP circuit 12, and aγ (gamma) correcting circuit 14 into which the image data is inputtedfrom the white balance circuit 13.

The defect correcting circuit 11 performs defect correction on the imagedata supplied from the A/D converter 7. The defect correcting circuit 11corrects a defect of a pixel for which no pixel data is generatedbecause the CCD 3 has a defect and outputs the corrected image data tothe CLP 12.

In the CLP circuit 12, optical black is subtracted from the image datasupplied from the defect correcting circuit 11. Thus, the CLP circuit 12corrects the black level of the inputted image data and outputs theresultant image data to the white balance circuit 13.

The white balance circuit 13 adjusts the levels of the colorscorresponding to the image data R, G, and B supplied from the CLPcircuit 12. Thus, the white balance circuit 13 outputs the image datacorrected in level for each color to the gamma correcting circuit 14.

The gamma correcting circuits 14 performs gamma correction on the imagedata supplied from the white balance circuit 13. Then, the gammacorrecting circuit 14 outputs the corrected image data to an image datainterpolating block and a correlation value detecting block to bedescribed later.

Referring to FIG. 2 again, the camera signal processor 8 comprises theimage data interpolating block 15 into which the image data is inputtedfrom the gamma correcting circuit 14, a correlation value detectingblock 16 for detecting a correlation value between the pieces of imagedata, a noise canceling block 17 for eliminating a noise from thecorrelation value, an offset circuit 18 for offsetting the correlationvalue, a normalizing circuit 19 for normalizing the correlation value, abias correcting circuit 20 for correcting the bias in the direction ofcorrelation detection, an emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21 for emphasizingor deemphasizing the correlation, a weighted addition circuit 22 forweighting the interpolated image data by use of the correlation value, acontour correcting circuit 23 for correcting the contour of the imagedata, a Y/C converter 24 for converting the image data into a Y/C signalcomposed of a luminance signal (Y) and a color difference signal (C), acolor difference signal suppresser 25 for suppressing a false colorsignal caused by a color difference signal, and an output block 26.

Image data composed of plural pieces of pixel data is inputted from thegamma correcting circuit 14 into the image data interpolating block 15.The image data interpolating block 15 perform interpolation on the pixeldata R, G, and B for each pixel to generate interpolated pixel data R′,G′, and B′. The image data interpolating block 15 includes ahorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a for interpolating the pixel datacorresponding to horizontally arranged pixels and a vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b for interpolating the pixel data corresponding tovertically arranged pixels.

The pixel data R, G, and B corresponding to the pixels arranged in amatrix as shown in FIG. 3 is inputted in the horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a. The horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a computesthe interpolated pixel data in horizontal direction by use of a filterexpressed in a relation (1) below. It should be noted that FIG. 3 showsthe pixel data R, G, and B each corresponding to each pixel andindicates each pixel in a coordinate number. In what follows, it isassumed that the pixels be arranged on horizontal lines 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3h, and 4 h.[1, 4, 6, 4, 1]/8  (1)

Because the filter indicated by the relation (1) is used to computeinterpolated pixel data R′, G′, and B′, the horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a is constituted as shown in FIG. 4.

When generating the interpolated pixel data R′, G′, and B′ in horizontaldirection, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a is constituted asshown in FIG. 4. The horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a comprises aninput block 30 into which pixel data is inputted from the gammacorrecting circuit 14, a delay circuit 31 into which each piece of pixeldata is inputted from the input block 30, a filter 32 into which eachpiece of pixel data in horizontal direction is inputted from the delaycircuit 31 to generate interpolated pixel data, a selector 33 into whichthe interpolated pixel data is inputted through-the filter 32, and anoutput terminal 34 from which the interpolated pixel data supplied fromthe selector 33 is outputted.

Pixel data pieces in horizontal direction are sequentially inputted inthe input block 30 from the gamma correcting circuit 14. These pixeldata pieces are inputted in the input block 30 one at each clock.

The delay circuit 31 includes delay circuits 31 a through 31 d intowhich the pixel data inputted in the input block 30 are inputted. In thedelay circuit 31, the inputted pixel data are inputted in the delaycircuits 31 a through 31 d in synchronization with the above-mentionedclock, the delayed pixel data being outputted to the filter 32.

The filter 32 includes an adder 32 a into which the pixel data isinputted through the input block 30 and the delay circuit 31 d, an adder32 b into which the pixel data is inputted through the delay circuit 31a and the delay circuit 31 c, an adder 32 c into which the pixel data isinputted through the delay circuit 31 b, and an adder 32 d into whichthe outputs from the adder 32 a and the adder 32 c are inputted.

In the adder 32 a, the pixel data directly from the input block 30 andthe pixel data through the delay circuit 31 b are inputted. In the adder32 c, the pixel data is inputted through the delay circuit 31 b. In theadder 32 d, the pixel data is inputted through the adder 32 a and theadder 32 c. In the adder 32 b, the pixel data is inputted through thedelay circuit 31 a and the delay circuit 31 a.

Namely, the filter 32 constitutes filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 by the adders32 a, 32 c, and 32 d and filter [1, 0, 1]/2 by the adder 32 b.

The selector 33 includes a selector 33 a and a selector 33 b into whichthe output of the adder 32 d and the pixel data through the delaycircuit 31 b are inputted, a selector 33 c into which the output of theselector 33 a and the output of the adder 32 b are inputted, and aselector 33 d into which the outputs of the adder 32 b and the selector33 b are inputted.

A control signal is inputted from the control block 10 into theseselectors 33 a through 33 d to control the operations of thereof.

The output block 34 has a terminal 34 a for outputting the data from theselector 33 c and a terminal 34 b for outputting the data from theselector 33 d to an edge processor circuit to be described later.

The horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a thus constituted computes notonly interpolated pixel data R22′ and B22′ but also interpolated pixeldata G22′ for pixel data G22 for example.

When the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a computes interpolatedpixel data G22′ for pixel data G22 shown in FIG. 3, pixel data G20, R21,G22, R23, and G24 in 2 h are sequentially inputted in the input block30.

Next, the pixel data G20, R21, G22, R23, and G24 inputted in the inputblock 30 are inputted into the filter 32 through the delay circuit 31.Namely, the pixel data G20 is inputted into the adder 32 a, the pixeldata R21 is inputted into the adder 32 b, the pixel data G22 is inputtedinto the adder 32 c, the pixel data R23 is inputted into the adder 32 b,and the pixel data G24 is inputted into the adder 32 a.

Then, the filter 32 computes-interpolated pixel data G22′ for the pixeldata G22 from the pixel data G20, G22, and G24. Namely, the adder 32 aadds the pixel data G20 and the pixel data G24 and outputs a result tothe adder 32 d. The adder 32 c adds a result of quadrupling the pixeldata G22 and a result of doubling the pixel data G22 and outputs aresult of this addition to the adder 32 d. Then, the adder 32 d adds theoutputs of the adder 32 a and the adder 32 c and performs ⅛multiplication on a result of this addition to output a result of themultiplication to the selector 33. The adder 32 b adds the pixel dataR21 and the pixel data R23 and performs ½ multiplication on a result ofthis addition to output a result of this multiplication to the selector33.

Thus, by performing the adding operations by the adders 32 a, 32 c, 32d, {pixel data G20+6×pixel data G22+pixel data G24 }/8 is computed.Namely, the filter 32 constitutes filter [1, 0, 1]/2 by the adder 32 b,constitutes filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 by the adders 32 a, 32 c, and 32 d,and passes the pixel data G20, G22, and G24 through the filter indicatedin the relation (1) above. Therefore, according to the filter 32,interpolated pixel data R22′ and G22′ for the pixel data R22 and G22 aregenerated.

Then, the interpolated pixel data G22′ and the pixel data G22 areinputted in the selector 33 a and the selector 33 b. A control signal Hor a control signal L from the control block 10 is also inputted in theselector 33 a and the selector 33 b. When the control signal H isinputted, the selector 33 a and the selector 33 b output theinterpolated pixel data G22′ supplied from the filter 32 to the selector33 c and the selector 33 d. When the control signal L is inputted, theselector 33 a and the selector 33 b output the pixel data G22 to theselector 33 c and the selector 33 d without change.

Next, because the interpolated pixel data G22′ for the pixel data G22 isgenerated by the filter 32, the control block 10 outputs the controlsignal L to the selector 33 c and the selector 33 d. When the controlsignal L is thus inputted into the selector 33 c and the selector 33 d,the selector 33 c outputs the interpolated pixel data R22′ and theselector 33 d outputs the pixel data G22 or the interpolated pixel dataG22′.

On the other hand, when the control signal H is inputted from thecontrol block 10 into the selector 33 c and the selector 33 d, theselector 33 c outputs the data supplied from the selector 33 a and theselector 33 d outputs the data supplied from the adder 32 b.

The selector 33 c outputs interpolated pixel data R′ or interpolatedpixel data B′ to the terminal 34 a. The selector 33 d outputsinterpolated pixel data G′ to the terminal 34 b. When outputting theinterpolated pixel data G22′ for the pixel data G22 for example, theselector 33 d is controlled to output the input from the selector 33 b.When outputting the interpolated pixel data G23′ for the pixel data R23for example, the selector 33 d is controlled to output the input fromthe adder 32 b. When outputting the interpolated pixel data R22′ for thepixel data G22 for example, the selector 33 c is controlled to outputthe input from the adder 32 b. When outputting the interpolated pixeldata R23′ for the pixel data R23, the selector 33 c is controlled tooutput the input from the selector 33 a.

In computing the interpolated pixel data G′ for pixel data G, theinterpolated pixel data G′ is computed supposing the CCD 3 consisting ofonly the pixel data G as shown in FIG. 5, of the inputted pieces ofpixel data R and G. Therefore, when computing the interpolated pixeldata G′ for a pixel for which no pixel data G exists, thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a uses filter [1, 0, 1]/2 tocompute the interpolated pixel data G′. When computing the interpolatedpixel data G′ for the pixel for which pixel data G exists, thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a uses filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 tocompute the interpolated pixel data G′. Therefore, in thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a that computes the interpolatedpixel data G′ by use of these filters, the frequency characteristics ofthese filters are as shown in FIGS. 6 and 7. Namely, filter [1, 0, 6, 0,1]/8 presents the frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 6, while filter[1, 0, 1]/2 presents the frequency characteristic shown in FIG. 7.According to these frequency characteristics, by use of these filters,the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a can reduce the differencebetween the frequency characteristic of the interpolated pixel data G′in the pixel for which the pixel data G exists and the frequencycharacteristic of the interpolated pixel data G′ in the pixel for whichthe pixel data G does not exist.

Consequently, computing the interpolated pixel data G′ for each piece ofpixel data G can obtain the interpolated pixel data G′ as shown in FIG.8.

As described above, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a computesthe interpolated pixel data R22′ for the pixel data G22 in 2 h by use offilter [1, 0, 1]/2. In 1h, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 acan also compute the interpolated pixel data B11′ for pixel data G11.

When computing interpolated pixel data B22′ for pixel data G22 in 2 h, afilter shown in FIG. 9 is used. In what following, an example in whichinterpolated pixel data B′ is computed in a line having no pixel data B.

When computing interpolated pixel data B22′ for pixel data G22, ahorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ constituted as shown in FIG. 9is used. It should be noted that, with reference to thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′, components similar to thosepreviously described with the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 ashown in FIG. 4 are denoted by the same reference numerals and thedescription of the common components will be skipped. Namely, in thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ shown in FIG. 9, the input block30 is composed of a terminal 30 a into which the pixel data in 1 h areinputted in the order of B10, G11, B12, G13, and B14 for example and aterminal 30 b into which the pixel data in 3 h are inputted in the orderof B30, G31, B32, G33, and B34 for example. The horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a′ also has an adder 35 into which the pixel data areinputted from the terminals 30 a and 30 b. The adder 35 performs anadding operation and a dividing operation on the inputted pixel data.Namely, the adder 35 performs an operation {pixel data B10+pixel dataB30}/2 for example. Like the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′shown in FIG. 4, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ shown inFIG. 9 outputs interpolated pixel data G′ and B′ by way of delaycircuits 31 a through 31 d, an adder 32, and a selector 33.

Namely, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ first performsarithmetic mean on the pixel data B corresponding to the pixels arrangedin vertically adjacent 1 h and 3 h for vertical interpolation, therebycomputing interpolated pixel data B′ by vertically interpolating asshown in FIG. 11 the pixel data B of the pixels arranged as shown inFIG. 10.

Next, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ computes thehorizontal-direction interpolated pixel data B′ for the pixel data B byputting the vertical-direction pixel data B and its interpolated pixeldata B′ through filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 and filter [1, 0, 1]/2.

Namely, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ generates theinterpolated pixel data B22′ for a line having no pixel data Bhorizontally as follows. First, in the filter 32, filter [1, 0, 6, 0,1]/8 is applied to the pixel data B in 1 h and 3 h through the adders 32a, 32 c, and 32 d and filter [1, 0, 1]/2 is applied to the pixel data Gin 1 h and 3 h through the adder 32 b. The horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a′ also has a subtraction processing circuit forsubtracting the value of the pixel data G obtained through filter [1, 0,1]/2 from the value of the pixel data B obtained through filter [1, 0,6, 0, 1]/8 and an addition processing circuit for adding theinterpolated pixel data G22′ obtained by the horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a shown in FIG. 4 to the output of this subtractionprocessing circuit.

In other words, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ subtractsthe value of the pixel data G obtained through filter [1, 0, 1]/2 fromthe value of the pixel data B obtained through filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8and adds the pixel data G′ to the resultant value of the subtraction,outputting the interpolated pixel data B′ to a weighted addition circuit22.

Thus, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ shown in FIG. 9 cancompute the interpolated pixel data B22′ as shown in FIG. 12 even forthe pixel data G22 corresponding to the pixel for which no pixel data Bexists as with 2 h. Namely, according to the horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a′ shown in FIG. 9, the interpolated pixel data B′ canbe computed for all pixels.

Further, when computing the interpolated pixel data B22′ for the pixeldata G22, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a′ can use theinterpolated pixel data obtained by the following relation (2) and theabove-mentioned relation (1).B 22′={(B 12′−G 12′)+(B 32′−G 32′)}/2 +G22′  (2)

According to the relation (2), the interpolated pixel data B22′ can becomputed by use of G12′, G32′, and G22′ computed by thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and B32′ and B12′ computed by therelation (1).

On the other hand, the vertical-direction interpolator 15 b isconstituted as shown in FIG. 13. It should be noted that with referenceto the vertical-direction interpolator 15 b to be described below,components similar to those previously described with thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a are denoted by the same referencenumerals and the description of the common components will be skipped.

As shown in FIG. 13, the vertical-direction interpolator 15 b has aninput block 30 into which the pixel data R, pixel data G, and pixel dataB in vertical direction are sequentially inputted. The input block 30has a terminal 30 a into which the pixel data in 1 h is inputted, aterminal 30 b into which the pixel data in 3 h is inputted, a terminal30 c into which the pixel data in 0 h is inputted, a terminal 30 d intowhich the pixel data in 4 h is inputted, and a terminal 30 e into whichthe pixel data in 2 h is inputted.

Like the above-mentioned horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a, thevertical-direction interpolator 15 b also has a filter 32, selector 33,and an output block 34.

When pixel data B10, B30, G00, G40, and G20 are inputted in theterminals 30 a through 30 e, the vertical-direction interpolator 15 boutputs the pixel data inputted in the terminals 30 a and 30 b to theadder 32 b, the pixel data inputted in the terminals 30 c and 30 d tothe adder 32 a, and the pixel data inputted in the terminal 30 e to theadder 32 c. Then, like the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a, thevertical-direction interpolator 15 b applies these pieces of input pixeldata to the above-mentioned relations (1) and (2) through the filter 32,thereby obtaining the interpolated pixel data R′, G′, and B′ for thepixel data R, G, and B.

The horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and the vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b that constitute the image data interpolating block 15are connected to an edge processor 15 c. Referring to FIG. 14, the edgeprocessor 15 c comprises an input block 40 composed of terminals 40 athrough 40 c in which the delayed pixel data G from the above-mentionedgamma correcting circuit 14 is inputted, delay circuits 41 a through 41d into which the pixel data G is inputted from the terminals 40 athrough 40 c, a comparing block 42 for making comparison between thepieces of inputted pixel data G, a computing block 43 for performingcomputation processing on a result obtained in the comparing block 42,an output block 44 for controlling the output according to a resultobtained in the computing block 43, and an output terminal 45 foroutputting the resultant pixel data from the output block 44. The pixeldata G is also inputted from the gamma correcting circuit 14 into theedge processor 15 c. The following describes the edge processor 15 c byuse of an example in which the values of interpolated pixel data G′shown in FIG. 15 are controlled.

The input block 40 receives pixel data G1 through G4 around theinterpolated pixel data G′ of FIG. 15 obtained by interpolation by thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and the vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b. When performing edge processing on the interpolatedpixel data in 2 h for example, the input block 40 has the terminal 40 ainto which the pixel data G1 in 1 h adjacent above the interpolatedpixel data G′ is inputted, the terminal 40 b into which the pixel dataG2 and G3 horizontally adjacent to the interpolated pixel data G1 areinputted, and the terminal 40 c into which the pixel data G4 in 3 hadjacent below the interpolated pixel data G′ is inputted. The terminals40 a through 40 c are connected to the delay circuits 41 a through 41 das shown in FIG. 14. The pixel data G1, G2, G3, and G4 are delayed to beinputted in the terminals 40 a through 40 c.

The delay circuits 41 a through 41 d are connected to the comparingblock 42 and the output block 44. The pixel data G1 through G4 areinputted from the input block 40 into the delays circuits 41 a through41 d. The delay circuits 41 a through 41 d output the pixel data G1through G4 to the comparing block 42 and the output block 44 on a clockthat is in synchronization with a clock on which these pixel data G1through G4 are inputted in the delay circuits.

The comparing block 42 is composed of comparators 42 a through 42 f intowhich two of the four pieces of pixel data inputted in the input block40 are inputted. Namely, the comparing block 42 includes the comparator42 a into which the pixel data G1 and G2 are inputted, the comparator 42b into which the pixel data G1 and G3 are inputted, the comparator 42 cinto which the pixel data G1 and G4 are inputted, the comparator 42 dinto which the pixel data G2 and G3 are inputted, the comparator 42 einto which the pixel data G2 and G4 are inputted, and the comparator 42f into which the pixel data G3 and G4 are inputted.

The pixel data G1 is inputted in the comparator 42 a at its terminal Aand the pixel data G2 at its terminal B. The pixel data G1 is inputtedin the comparator 42 b at its terminal A and the pixel data G3 at itsterminal B. The pixel data G1 is inputted in the comparator 42 c at itsterminal A and the pixel data G4 at its terminal B. The pixel data G2 isinputted in the comparator 42 d at its terminal A and the pixel data G4at its terminal B. The pixel data G2 is inputted in the comparator 42 eat its terminal A and the pixel data G4 at its terminal B. The pixeldata G3 is inputted in the comparator 42 f at its terminal A and thepixel data G4 at its terminal B.

The comparison results are inputted from the comparing block 42 into thecomputing block 43. Based on the inputted comparison results, thecomputing block 43 selects the second-place pixel data and thethird-place pixel data from the pixel data G1 through G4 inputted in theinput block 40. The computing block 43 is composed of plural selectors.If the comparison results of the comparator 42 a, the comparator 42 b,and the comparator 42 c are any of (L, H, H), (H, L, H), and (H, H, L)for example, the computing block 43 outputs a computing result with thepixel data G1 as the second place to the output block 44. If thecomparison results of the comparator 42 a, the comparator 42 d, and thecomparator 42 e are any of (H, L, L), (H, L, H), and (H, H, L) forexample, the computing block 43 outputs a computing result with thepixel data G2 as the third place to the output block 44.

The output block 44 is connected to the input block 40 and the computingblock 43. The pixel data G1 through G4 are inputted from the input block40 into the output block 44. At the same time, the computational resultis inputted from the computing block 43 into the output block 44. Theoutput block 44 has a selector 44 a for outputting pixel data accordingto the computational result indicative of the second place and aselector 44 b for outputting the pixel data G1 through G4 according tothe computational result indicative of the third place. The output block44 also has an “00” terminal into which the pixel data G1 inputted fromthe terminal 40 a is inputted, a terminal “10” into which the pixel dataG2 inputted from the terminal 40 b is inputted, a terminal “01” intowhich the pixel data G3 inputted from the terminal 40 b is inputted, anda terminal “11” into which the pixel data G4 inputted from the terminal40 c is inputted.

An output block 45 is connected to the output block 44, thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a, and the vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b. The output block 45 outputs the pixel data G1 throughG4 indicative of the second place and the third place outputted from theoutput block 44 to the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and thevertical-direction interpolator 15 b.

When performing edge processing by the edge processor 15 c thusconstituted, the pixel data G1, G2, G3, and G4 around the interpolatedpixel data G′ obtained by interpolation by the horizontal-directioninterpolator 15 a and the vertical-direction interpolator 15 b areinputted in the input block 40 as shown in FIG. 15. A numeral in each ofthe pixel data G1 through G4 shown in FIG. 15 denotes the size thereof.The pixel data G1 is inputted in the input block 40 at the terminal 40a, the pixel data G2 is inputted at the terminal 40 b, the pixel data G3is also inputted at the terminal 40 b, and the pixel data G4 is inputtedat the terminal 40 c. Then, the input block 40 outputs these inputtedpixel data G1 through G4 to the comparators 42 a through 42 f by way ofthe delay circuits 41 a through 41 d as shown in FIG. 14.

Next, the comparators 42 a through 42 f make comparison between thesizes of the inputted pixel data G1 through G4 and output comparisonresults to the. computing block 43. At this moment, if the pixel datainputted at the terminal A is found greater than the pixel data inputtedat the terminal B, each comparator outputs comparison result H to thecomputing block 43. If the pixel data inputted at the terminal A isfound equal to or smaller than the pixel data inputted at the terminalB, each comparator output comparison result L to the computing block 43.

According to the comparison results supplied from the comparators 42 athrough 42 f, the computing block 43 determines the second-place andthird-place pixel data G1 to G4 of the pixel data G1 through G4 inputtedin the input block 40 and outputs computational results to the outputblock 44. The computational result indicative of the second place isoutputted to the selector 44 a. The computational result indicative ofthe third place is outputted to the selector 44 b. Then, the selectors44 a and 44 b select, based on the computational results, the pixel dataG1 to G4 that correspond to the second place and the third place of thepixel data G1, G2, G3, and G4 and output the selected pixel data to theoutput block 45.

The output block 45 outputs the received pixel data G1 to G4corresponding to the second place and the third place to thehorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and the vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b.

Next, the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and thevertical-direction interpolator 15 b compute the size of interpolatedpixel data G′ from the pixel data G1 to G4 corresponding to the secondplace and the third place.

Therefore, according to the edge processor 15 c thus constituted, if thesize of the pixel data G1 is 100, the size of the pixel data G2 is 100,the size of the pixel data G3 is 100, and the size of the pixel data G4is 0 for example, the sizes of the pixel data between the second placeand the third place are all 100, so that the size of the interpolatedpixel data G′ is limited to 100. Consequently, according to the edgeprocessor 15 c, the interpolated pixel data G1 obtained by verticallyinterpolating the pixel data shown in FIG. 15 is not computed as(100+0)=50.

The correlation value detecting block 16 receives pixel data from theabove-mentioned gamma correcting circuit 14. The correlation valuedetecting block 16 includes a horizontal-direction correlation detector16 a for detecting a horizontal-direction correlation value and avertical-direction correlation detector 16 b for detecting avertical-direction correlation value.

To compute a horizontal correlation value Ch, the horizontal-directioncorrelation detector 16 a uses a filter indicated by a relation (3)shown below for a pixel for which pixel data G exists or a filterindicated by a relation (4) shown below for a pixel for which pixel dataG does not exist.

$\begin{matrix}{{Ch} = \begin{bmatrix}{- 1} & 0 & 2 & 0 & {- 1} \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 6} & 0 & 12 & 0 & {- 6} \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 1} & 0 & 2 & 0 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}} & (3) \\{{Ch} = \begin{bmatrix}{- 1} & 0 & 2 & 0 & {- 1} \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 1} & 0 & 2 & 0 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

To be more specific, the horizontal correlation value Ch is computedthrough LPF (Low-Pass Filter) [1, 0, 6, 0, 1] by use of the relation (3)if the pixel data G exists in vertical direction or through LPF [1, 0,1] by use of the relation (4) if the pixel data G does not exist. Also,the horizontal correlation value Ch is computed through BPF,(Band-PassFilter) [−1, 0, 2, 0, −1] in horizontal direction.

Referring to FIG. 16, the horizontal-direction correlation detector 16 aincludes an input block 50 into which pixel data are inputted from thegamma correcting circuit 14 at terminals 50 a through 50 e, a filter 52for generating horizontal correlation value Ch from the inputted pixeldata, a selector 53 into which the horizontal correlation value Ch isinputted, and an output block 54 for outputting the horizontalcorrelation value Ch received from the selector 53.

The input block 50 sequentially receives the vertically arranged piecesof pixel data shown in FIG. 3 from the gamma correcting circuit 14. Theinput block 50 has a terminal 50 a at which the pixel data in 1 h isinputted, a terminal 50 b at which the pixel data in 3 h is inputted, aterminal 50 c at which the pixel data in 0 h is inputted, a terminal 50d at which the pixel data in 4 h is inputted, and a terminal 50 e atwhich the pixel data in 2 h is inputted.

The filter 52 includes an adder 52 a into which the pixel data areinputted from the terminals 50 a and 50 b, an adder 52 b into which thepixel data are inputted from the terminals 50 c and 50 d, an adder 52 cinto which the pixel data are inputted from the terminal 50 e, and anadder 52 d into which the outputs of the adders 52 b and 52 c areinputted. Like the filter 33 shown in the above-mentionedhorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and the vertical-directioninterpolator 15 b, the filter 52 constitutes filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 bythe adders 52 b, 52 c, and 52 d and filter [1, 0, 1]/2 by the adder 52a.

The selector 53 has a selector 53 a into which the output of the adder52 d and the-pixel data from the terminal 50 e are inputted and aselector 53 b into which the output of the adder 52 a and the output ofthe selector 53 a are inputted. The selectors 53 a and 53 b arecontrolled by a control signal supplied from the control block 10. To bemore specific, when the control signal H comes from the control block10, the selector 53 a outputs the pixel data received through the adders52 b, 52 c, and 52 d. When the control signal L comes from the controlblock 10, the selector 53 a outputs the pixel data received from theterminal 50 e. The selector 53 b outputs, according to the controlsignal received from the control block 10, the horizontal correlationvalue Ch that passed the adder 52 a or the pixel data that passed theselector 53 a.

It should be noted that, in the horizontal-direction correlationdetector 16 a, the pixel data from which a correlation value is computedmay be inputted in the selector 53 without passing the adders 52 b, 52c, and 52 d. Thus, use of the pixel data G as a correlation valuewithout passing the filter 52 c an restrict the band of the pixel data Gfrom lowering and simplify the circuitry.

The selector 53 b is controlled to pass the outputs of the adders 52 b,52 c, and 52 d or the output from the terminal 50 e for a pixel forwhich the pixel data G exists. The selector 53 b is controlled to passthe output of the adder 52 a for a pixel for which the pixel data G doesnot exist.

The output block 54 outputs the horizontal correlation value Ch receivedfrom the selector 53 b. The output block 54 is connected to the noisecanceling block 17 through BPF [−1, 0, 2, 0, −1] in horizontal directionnot shown, outputting the horizontal correlation value Ch to the noisecanceling block 17.

The vertical-direction correlation detector 16 b computes a verticalcorrelation value Cv by use of a filter indicated in a relation (5)shown below for a pixel for which the pixel data G exists or a filterindicated in a relation (6) shown below for a pixel for which the pixeldata G does not exist.

$\begin{matrix}{{Cv} = \begin{bmatrix}{- 1} & 0 & {- 6} & 0 & {- 1} \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\2 & 0 & 12 & 0 & 2 \\0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 1} & 0 & {- 6} & 0 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}} & (5) \\{{Cv} = \begin{bmatrix}{- 1} & 0 & {- 1} \\0 & 0 & 0 \\2 & 0 & 2 \\0 & 0 & 0 \\{- 1} & 0 & {- 1}\end{bmatrix}} & (6)\end{matrix}$

To be more specific, the vertical correlation value Cv is computedthrough BPF [−1, 0, 2, 0, −1] by use of the relations (5) and (6) invertical direction. If the pixel data G exists, the vertical correlationvalue Cv is computed through LPF [1, 0, 6, 0, 1] by use of the relation(5) in horizontal direction or through LPF [1, 0, 1] by use of therelation (6) if the pixel data G does not exist.

Referring to FIG. 17, the vertical-direction correlation detector 16 bincludes an input block 55 into which pixel data are inputted throughBPF [−1, 0, 2, 0, −1] in vertical direction not shown, delays circuits56 a through 56 d into which the pixel data are inputted from the inputblock 55, a filter 57 for generating a vertical correlation value Cvfrom the pixel data received from the delay circuits 56 a through 56 d,a selector 58 into which the vertical correlation value Cv is inputtedthrough the filter 57, and an output block 59 for outputting thevertical correlation value Cv received from the selector 58.

The input block 55 sequentially receives the pixel data from the gammacorrecting circuit 14 through BPF [−1, 0, 2, 0, −1] in verticaldirection not shown. Then, the input block 55 outputs the received pixeldata to the delay circuits 56 a through 56 d that are similar inconstitution to the delay circuit 31 provided in the above-mentionedhorizontal-direction interpolator 15 a.

The filter 57 is similar in constitution to the filter 52 provided inthe horizontal-direction correlation detector 16 a and includes adders57 a, 57 b, 57 c, and 57 d. Like the filter 53 provided in thehorizontal-direction correlation detector 16 a, the filter 57constitutes filter [1, 0, 6, 0, 1]/8 by the adders 57 b, 57 c, and 57 dand filter [1, 0, 1]/2 by the adder 57 a. It should be noted that, likethe horizontal-direction correlation detector 16 a, thevertical-direction correlation detector 16 b may. input the pixel datafrom which the correlation value Cv is computed into the selector 58without passing the adders 57 b, 57 c, and 57 d.

The selector 58 is similar in constitution to the selector 53 providedin the horizontal-direction correlation detector 16 a and has selectors58 a and 58 b. The selectors 58 a and 58 b are controlled by a controlsignal supplied from the control block 10.

The selector 58 b is controlled to pass the outputs of the adders 57 b,57 c, and 57 d or the output of the delay circuit 56 b for a pixel forwhich pixel data G exists. For a pixel for which pixel data G does notexist, the selector 58 b is controlled to pass the output of the adder57 a.

The output block 59 outputs the vertical correlation value Cv receivedfrom the selector 58 b. The output block 59 is connected to the noisecanceling block 17 and outputs the vertical correlation value Cv to thenoise canceling block 17.

The correlation value detecting block 16 thus constituted can compute acorrelation value C only from the pixel data G for example through thecircuits that use the relations (3) through (6), thereby providing thehorizontal and vertical correlation values Ch and Cv without beingaffected by the color of a subject.

Referring to FIG. 2, the noise canceling block 17 has a noise canceler17 a connected to the horizontal-direction correlation detector 16 a anda noise canceler 17 b connected to the vertical-direction correlationdetector 16 b. The noise cancelers 17 a and 17 b a constitution similarto that shown in FIG. 18.

Referring to FIG. 18, the noise cancelers 17 a and 17 b include each anabsolute value converting circuit 60 into which the correlation value Cis inputted from the correlation detectors 16 a and 16 b, a subtractingcircuit 61 into which the absolute correlation value is inputted, and alimiter 62 into which the subtracted correlation value C is inputted.

The absolute value converting circuit 60 is composed of an exclusive ORgate 60 a and an adder 60 b for example. The absolute value convertingcircuit 60 makes absolute the received correlation value C to provide apositive value. Then, the absolute value converting circuit 60 outputsthe resultant absolute correlation value C to the subtracting circuit61.

The subtracting circuit 61 is constituted by a subtractor 61 a forexample. The correlation value C is inputted from the absolute valueconverting circuit 60 into the subtractor 61 a. The subtractor 61 areceives a control signal from the control block 10 indicative of asubtrahend for subtracting a predetermined value from the inputtedcorrelation value C. Then, the subtractor 61 a subtracts the subtrahendfrom the correlation value C according to the control signal. Thus, byperforming subtraction processing, the subtractor 61 a subtracts, asindicated by a dashed line of FIG. 19A, the output of the correlationvalue C as indicated by a solid line of FIG. 19A. Then, the subtractingcircuit 61 outputs the subtracted correlation value C to the limiter 62.

The limiter 62 is composed of an inverter 62 a and an AND gate 62 b forexample. The limiter 62 performs processing so that the correlationvalue C subtracted by the subtracting circuit 61 to be a negative valueas shown in FIG. 19B becomes 0. Then, the limiter 62 outputs theresultant correlation value C to the offset circuit 18.

The noise canceling block 17 thus constituted performs subtractingprocessing on the inputted correlation value C to eliminate minutecorrelation values C, thereby canceling the noises at minute values.According to the noise canceling block 17, the correlation value C iscomputed by passing the same through the BPF, so that the correlationvalue C computed for the noise of the CCD 3 itself can be canceled. Inaddition, according to the noise canceling block 17, if a noisecomponent is included in the pixel data generated by the CCD 3 and thecorrelation value C is computed for that noise, the minute correlationvalues can be subtracted. Therefore, according to the noise cancelingblock 17, interpolated pixel data can be weighted by use of thecorrelation value C having few noises, thereby preventing imagedegradation due to the false-color signal included in an output image.

Referring to FIG. 2, the offset circuit 18 has an offset circuit 18 ainto which a horizontal correlation value C is inputted from the noisecanceler 17 a and an offset circuit 18 b into which a verticalcorrelation value C is inputted from the noise canceler 17 b. Theseoffset circuits 18 a and 18 b have a similar constitution as shown inFIG. 20.

The offset circuits 18 a and 18 b are each constituted by an adder 65for example as shown in FIG. 20. The correlation value C is inputted inthe adder 65 from the noise cancelers 17 a and 17 b. A control signalindicative of a predetermined offset value is also inputted in the adder65 from the control block 10.

When the correlation value C is inputted from the noise cancelers 17 aand 17 b, the adder 65 adds the offset value to the correlation value C.Then, the adder 65 outputs a result of the addition to the normalizingcircuit 19. Namely, the offset circuits 18 a and 18 b add the offsetvalue to the correlation value C as indicated by a dashed line of FIG.21 supplied from the noise cancelers 17 a and 17 b for example toproduce a correlation value C as indicated by a solid line of FIG. 21.

Thus, in the offset circuits 18 a and 18 b, the offset value is added toa correlation value C, so that if the amplitude of the inputtedcorrelation value C is about 0, a large correlation value C can beprovided. The offset circuits 18 a and 18 b thus constituted can preventthe horizontal correlation value Ch and the vertical correlation valueCv from being drastically changed even if the amplitudes of ahigh-frequency signal and these correlation values are minute in thecase of pixel data for which no correlation value C can be obtained bythe above-mentioned correlation detecting block 16, for example pixeldata constituting the image data in which color change takes place foreach pixel. Namely, according to the offset circuits 18 a and 18 b,adding the offset value to a correlation value C makes. the interpolatedpixel data to be weighted by a correlation value C approach thedirection in which the interpolation is made by arithmetic mean.Therefore, according to the offset circuits 18 a and 18 b, if theamplitude of an inputted correlation value C is minute or in the case ofa high-frequency signal changing for each pixel as shown in FIG. 22, thehorizontal correlation value Ch and the vertical correlation value Cv donot drastically change from 1 to 0 and 0 to 1 respectively in adjacentpixels.

Referring to FIG. 2, the normalizing circuit 19 is composed of an adder19 a into which a horizontal correlation value Ch and a verticalcorrelation value Cv are inputted from the offset circuits 18 a and 18 band a divider 19 b into which the vertical correlation value Cv and theoutput of the adder 19 a are inputted.

The normalizing circuit 19 thus constituted adds the verticalcorrelation value Cv and the horizontal correlation value Ch by theadder 19 a and outputs a result of this addition to the divider 19 b, inwhich the vertical correlation value Cv is divided by the result of theaddition. Then, the normalizing circuit 19 computes a verticalcorrelation value Cv indicated by a relation (7) shown below. Thehorizontal correlation value Ch can be expressed as a relative value ofthe vertical correlation value Cv as indicated by a relation (8) shownbelow.

$\begin{matrix}{{{Vertical}\mspace{14mu}{correlation}\mspace{14mu}{value}} = \frac{Cv}{{Cv} + {Ch}}} & (7) \\{{{Horizontal}\mspace{14mu}{correlation}\mspace{14mu}{value}} = {1 - \frac{Cv}{{Cv} + {Ch}}}} & (8)\end{matrix}$

The bias correcting circuit 20 is constituted by an adder 20 a as shownin FIG. 23. The vertical correlation value Cv indicated by the relation(7) is inputted in the bias correcting circuit 20 from the normalizingcircuit 19. A correction value α is inputted into the adder 20 a fromthe control block 10. This correction value a is generated by thecontrol block 10 and adjusted in a range of −1 to 1 according to thesetting of the CCD 3 for example.

The bias correcting circuit 20 adds the inputted vertical correlationvalue Cv to the inputted bias correcting value α. As a result of thisaddition, the vertical correlation value Cv becomes as indicated by arelation (9) shown below.

$\begin{matrix}{{{Vertical}\mspace{14mu}{correlation}\mspace{14mu}{value}} = {\frac{Cv}{{Cv} + {Ch}} + \alpha}} & (9)\end{matrix}$

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 24 for example, the bias correcting circuit20 can change the inputted vertical correlation value Cv indicated by adashed line to a value between the solid lines by adding the correctionvalue α. Namely, by adding the correction value a to a verticalcorrelation value Cv, the bias correcting circuit 20 can control andcorrect the vertical correlation value Cv by controlling the correctionvalue a inputted from the control block 10 if the vertical correlationvalue Cv and the horizontal correlation value Ch do not reach a samelevel due to the distortion or the like in a signal coming from the CCD3. In addition, if the relationship between vertical correlation andhorizontal correlation cannot be correctly detected due the aspect ratioof the CCD or a distortion caused by detection of an analog signaloutputted from the CCD, the bias correcting circuit 20 can control thebalance between the horizontal correlation value Ch and the verticalcorrelation value Cv by controlling the correction value a supplied fromthe control block 10.

The emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21 is composed of a subtractor 21 a intowhich the vertical correlation value Cv is inputted from the biascorrecting circuit 20, a multiplier 21 b into which the subtractedvertical correlation value Cv is inputted, an adder 21 c into which themultiplied vertical correlation value Cv is inputted, and a limiter 21 dinto which the added vertical correlation value Cv is inputted.

In the subtractor 21 a, the vertical correlation value Cv having a value0 to 1 is inputted from the bias correcting circuit 20 and subtractionprocessing is performed on the inputted vertical correlation value Cv.The subtractor 21 a subtracts only 0.5 from the vertical correlationvalue Cv. The multiplier 21 b perform multiplication processing on thevertical correlation value Cv based on a control signal indicative of amultiplier inputted from the control block 10. The adder 21 c adds only0.5 to the vertical correlation value Cv. The limiter 21 d limits theinputted vertical correlation value Cv in a certain range.

In the emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21, when the vertical correlationvalue Cv is inputted from the bias correcting circuit 20, first thesubtractor 21 a subtracts only 0.5 from the vertical correlation valueCv. Then multiplication processing is carried out on the subtractedvertical correlation value Cv. In this processing, the slope of theinput/output of characteristic of the vertical correlation value shownby the solid line in FIG. 26 is varied to the slope shown by the dottedline or the dashed line in FIG. 26 corresponding to the multiplierinputted from the control block 10. Next, the adder 21 c adds the 0.5which has been subtracted by the subtractor 21 a to the verticalcorrelation value Cv. The limiter 21 d limits the vertical correlationvalue Cv in a range of 0 to 1.

The emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21 thus constituted multiplies thevertical correlation value Cv by the multiplier supplied from thecontrol block 10 to vary the slope of the input/output characteristic ofthe vertical correlation value Cv as shown in FIG. 26. Therefore,according to the emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21, the verticalcorrelation value Cv can be varied by varying multiplier supplied fromthe control block 10. Consequently, according to the emphasis/deemphasiscircuit 21, when weighting interpolated pixel data as will be described,control may be made so that, by varying a correlation value forweighting the interpolated pixel data, the interpolated data placesemphasis on the correlation or interpolation is performed to make theinterpolated pixel data approach arithmetic mean. In addition, accordingto the emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21, a correlation value can becontrolled by varying a multiplier even if the amount of light inputtedin the CCD 3 is small and therefore the output of the CCD 3 involves alot of noises to fail the correct computation of the correlation value.

Referring to FIG. 2, the weighted addition circuit 22 is composed of asubtractor 22 a into which the vertical correlation value Cv is inputtedto generate normalized horizontal correlation value Ch, a multiplier 22b into which the normalized horizontal correlation value Ch is inputted,and a multiplier 22 c into which the vertical correlation value Cv isinputted, and an adder 22 d into which the vertical and horizontalinterpolated pixel data are inputted.

In the weighted addition circuit 22′ the vertical correlation value Cvis inputted from the emphasis/deemphasis circuit 21 into the subtractor22 a and the multiplier 22 c. The subtractor 22 a subtracts the verticalcorrelation value Cv from 1 to generate the horizontal correlation valueCh. Then, the subtractor 22 a outputs the generated horizontalcorrelation value Ch to the multiplier 22 b.

The multiplier 22 b receives the vertical interpolated pixel data fromthe vertical-direction interpolator 15 b and the horizontal correlationvalue Ch from the subtractor 22 a. The multiplier 22 b multiplies theinputted vertical-direction interpolated pixel data by the inputtedhorizontal correlation value Ch. Thus, the multiplier 22 b performsweighting by multiplying the vertical-direction interpolated pixel databy the horizontal correlation value Ch.

The multiplier 22 c receives the horizontal-direction interpolated pixeldata from the horizontal-direction interpolator 15 a and the verticalcorrelation value Cv. The multiplier 22 c multiplies the inputtedhorizontal-direction interpolated pixel data by the inputted verticalcorrelation value Cv. Thus, the multiplier 22 c performs weighting bymultiplying the horizontal-direction interpolated pixel data by thevertical correlation value Cv.

The adder 22 d receives the horizontal-direction interpolated pixel dataweighted by the multiplier 22 c and the vertical-direction interpolatedpixel data weighted by the multiplier 22 b. The adder 22 d adds theinputted horizontal-direction interpolated pixel data to the inputtedvertical-direction interpolated pixel data. Thus, by performing theaddition processing, the adder 22 d obtains the interpolated pixel dataweighted by the vertical and horizontal correlation values. Then, theadder 22 d outputs the obtained interpolated pixel data to the contourcorrecting circuit 23.

The contour correcting circuit 23 is connected to the adder 22 d of theweighted addition circuit 22. The interpolated pixel data is inputted inthe adder 22 d into the contour correcting circuit 23 a and a contouremphasis signal is also inputted extracted from a circuit not shown.This contour emphasis signal compensate the degraded response of the CCD3 and emphasizes the definition thereof. The contour correcting circuit23 adds the inputted contour emphasis signal to the inputtedinterpolated pixel data and outputs the result to the Y/C converter 24.

The Y/C converter 24 is connected to the contour correcting circuit 23and receives the interpolated pixel data therefrom. The Y/C converter 24converts the inputted interpolated pixel data consisting of R, G, and Binto a Y/C signal consisting of a luminance signal (Y) and a colordifference signal (C). Then, the Y/C converter 24 outputs the resultantY/C signal to the color-difference signal suppresser 25.

The color-difference signal suppresser 25 is connected to the Y/Cconverter 24 and receives the Y/C signal therefrom. As shown in FIG. 27,the color-difference signal suppresser 25 is composed of a BG-datasuppresser 25 a into which a color difference B-G of pixel data with oneline consisting of pixel data G and B is inputted and an RG datasuppresser 25 b into which a color difference R-G of pixel data with oneline consisting of pixel data G and R is inputted.

The BG data suppresser 25 a has input blocks 70 a through 70 c intowhich a color difference B′-G′ of interpolated pixel data G1 and B1 isinputted, absolute value converting circuits 71 a through 71 c intowhich the color difference B′-G′ is inputted from the input blocks 70 athrough 70 c, comparators 72 a through 72 c into which the absolutevalue color difference B′-G′ is inputted from the absolute valueconverting circuits 71 a through 71 c, a computing circuit 73 into whicha comparison result is inputted from the comparators 72 a through 72 c,a selector 74 into which a computation result is inputted from thecomputing circuit 73, and an output block 75 into which the pixel datais inputted from the selector 74.

The color difference B′-G′ in vertical direction is inputted in theinput block 70 a. The color difference B′-G′ in horizontal direction isinputted in the input block 70 b. The color difference B′-G′ weighted bya correlation value is inputted in the input block 70 c. The input block70 b outputs the inputted color difference B′-G′ to the absolute valueconverting circuit 71 a. The input block 70 b outputs the inputted colordifference B′-G′ to the absolute value converting circuit 71 b. Theinput block 70 c outputs the inputted color difference B′-G′ to theabsolute value converting circuit 71 c.

The absolute value converting circuits 71 a through 71 c are eachcomposed of an exclusive OR gate 76 and an adder 77 for example. Theabsolute value converting circuits 71 a through 71 c make absolute theinputted color difference B′-G′ into a positive value. The absolutevalue converting circuits 71 a through 71 c output the absolute valuecolor difference B′-G′ to the comparators 72 a through 72 c.

The comparator 72 a receives at its terminal B the color differenceB′-G′ through the absolute value converting circuit 71 a and at itsterminal A the color difference B′-G′ through the absolute valueconverting circuit 71 c. The comparator 72 b receives at its terminal Athe color difference B′-G′ through the absolute value converting circuit71 a and at its terminal B the color difference B′-G′ through theabsolute value converting circuit 71 b. The comparator 72 c receives atits terminal A the color difference B′-G′ through the absolute valueconverting circuit 71 b and at its terminal B the color difference B′-G′through the absolute value converting circuit 71 c. The comparators 72 athrough 72 c each compare the magnitudes of the color differences B′-G′inputted at the terminals A and B. If the color difference B′-G′inputted at the terminal A is found greater than that inputted at theterminal B, the comparators output comparison result H to the computingcircuit 73. If the color difference B′-G′ inputted at the terminal A isfound equal to or smaller than that inputted at the terminal B, thecomparators output a comparison result L to the computing circuit 73.

The computing circuit 73 receives the comparison result from thecomparators 72 a through 72 c and a control signal from the controlblock 10. The computing circuit 73 generates a computation result basedon these comparison result and the control signal and outputs thegenerated computation result to the selector 74.

If the control signal H comes, the computing circuit 73 outputs acomputation result 11. If the control signal L comes, the computingcircuit 73 generates a computation result based on the comparisonresults coming from the comparators 72 a through 72 c. If the comparisonresults of the comparators 72 a, 72 b, and 72 c are H, L, and Xrespectively, the computing circuit 73 outputs computation result “00”to the selector 74. If the comparison results of the comparators 72 a,27 b, and 72 c are X, H, and L respectively, the computing circuit 73outputs computation result “01” to the selector 74. If the comparisonresults of the comparators 72 a, 72 b, and 72 c are L, X, and H, thecomputing circuit 73 outputs computation result “10” to the selector 74.

The selector 74 receives the computation result from the computingcircuit 73 and the color differences B′-G′ from the input blocks 70 athrough 70 c. The selector 74 receives at its “11” terminal and “10”terminal the color difference B′-G′ from the input block 70 c, at itsterminal “01” the color difference B′-G′ from the input block 70 b, andat its terminal “00” the color difference B′-G′ from the input block 70a. If the computation result “11” comes, the selector 74 outputs thecolor difference B′-G′ received at the terminal “11”. If the computationresult “10” comes, the selector 74 outputs the color difference B′-G′received at the terminal “10”. If the computation result “01” comes, theselector 74 outputs the color difference B′-G′ received at the terminal“01”. If the computation result “00” comes, the selector 74 outputs thecolor difference B′-G′ received at the terminal “00”.

The RG data suppresser 25 b receives color difference R′-G′ at the inputblocks 70 a through 70 c. The RG data suppresser 25 b puts the colordifference R′-G′ through the absolute value converting circuit 71, thecomparator 72, the computing circuit 73, and the selector 74 to selectthe smallest color difference R′-G′ to be outputted at the output block75.

Therefore, as shown in FIG. 28A, the color difference signal suppresser25 thus constituted selects the smallest interpolated pixel data Rh andGh of the interpolated pixel data Rv and Gv for vertically arrangedpixel data R and G, the Rh and Gh for horizontally arranged pixel data Rand G, and the color difference of weighted interpolated pixel data Rcand Gc. In addition, the color difference signal suppresser 25 selectsthe. interpolated pixel data R′-G′ nearest to 0 of the comparedinterpolated pixel data as shown in FIG. 28B.

The color difference signal suppresser 25 thus constituted outputs theinterpolated pixel data received at the input blocks 70 a through 70 cthat has the smallest absolute value. Therefore, when pixel data isgenerated by the interpolated pixel data weighted by a correlation valuein a band in which no correlation can be obtained, the color differencesuppresser 25 can prevent an image that has a high brightness and isachromatic (for example, a glistening glass) from taking on a falsecolor. Consequently, the color-difference signal suppresser 25 canprevent a color turn distortion from occurring even in a frequency rangein which no correlation is obtained.

The output block 75 outputs the interpolated pixel data from theselector 74 to the output block 26. The output block 26 is a terminal toa recording medium for recording pixel data, a display monitor, oroutside equipment for example.

In the foregoing, the description has been made using the cameraapparatus 1 having the CCD 3 of primary color coding for example. Itwill be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present inventionis also applicable to any solid state image sensors of coding in whichthe majority color of the colors presented by the pixel data included inimage data is arranged in a checker.

While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have beendescribed using specific terms, such description is for illustrativepurposes only, and it is to be understood that changes and variationsmay be made without departing from the spirit or scope of the appendedclaims.

1. A camera signal processing apparatus comprising: an interpolatedpixel data generating means for interpolating pixel data in at least twodirections based on a position of said pixel data and/or pixel dataaround said position, said pixel data being generated based on animaging signal coming from a solid state image sensor in which animaging light enters through a color filter having a different spectralcharacteristic for each pixel, thereby separately generatinginterpolated pixel data in said at least two directions; a correlationdetecting means for detecting a correlation value indicative of a degreeof correlation in each of said at least two directions of saidinterpolated pixel data generated by said interpolated pixel datagenerating means; an emphasis/deemphasis means for performing controlwhether said interpolated pixel data is to be generated by emphasizingthe correlation depending on said correlation value detected by saidcorrelation detecting means in each of said at least two directions; aweighting means for weighting said interpolated pixel data in each ofsaid at least two directions generated by said interpolated pixel datagenerating means with the correlation value controlled by saidemphasis/deemphasis means in each of said at least two directions andadding together the weighted interpolated pixel data in all of said atleast two directions to generate interpolated pixel data; and an imagegenerating means for generating an image based on said interpolatedpixel data weighted by said weighting means; and a control means forcontrolling said emphasis/deemphasis means, wherein said control meansoutputs to said emphasis/deemphasis means a control signal for varying aslope of an input/output characteristic of said correlation value ineach of said at least two directions, thereby controlling saidemphasis/deemphasis means.
 2. The camera signal processing apparatus asset forth in claim 1, further comprising: a subtracting means forsubtracting a predetermined value from said correlation value detectedby said correlation detecting means in each of said at least twodirections; and an adding means for adding said predetermined value tothe correlation value subtracted by said subtracting means in each ofsaid at least two directions; wherein said predetermined value issubtracted by said subtracting means from said correlation valuedetected by said correlation detecting means in each of said at leasttwo directions and then a slope of an input/output characteristic ofsaid correlation value in each of said at least two directions is variedby said emphasis/deemphasis means to add said predetermined value bysaid adding means.
 3. The camera signal processing apparatus as setforth in claim 1, further comprising: a limiting means for limiting arange of said correlation value in each of said at least two directions;wherein said limiting means limits said range of said correlation valuein each of said at least two directions of which slope of theinput/output characteristic has been varied by said emphasis/deemphasismeans.
 4. The camera signal processing apparatus as set forth in claim1, further comprising: a normalizing means for generating a normalizedvalue indicative of a relative value of said correlation value in eachof said at least two directions by normalizing said relative valuedetected by said correlation detecting means in each of said at leasttwo directions; wherein said emphasis/deemphasis means varies a slope ofsaid normalized value generated by said normalizing means.
 5. A camerasignal processing method comprising the steps of: interpolating pixeldata in at least two directions based on a position of said pixel dataand/or pixel data around said position, said pixel data being generatedbased on an imaging signal coming from a solid-state image sensor inwhich an imaging light enters through a color filter having a differentspectral characteristic for each pixel, thereby separately generatinginterpolated pixel data in said at least two directions; detecting acorrelation value indicative of a degree of correlation in each of saidat least two directions of said interpolated pixel data; performingcontrol whether said correlation is to be emphasized depending on saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions; weightingsaid interpolated pixel data in each of said at least two directionswith the correlation value in each of said at least two directions ofwhich degree of correlation emphasis is controlled and adding togetherthe weighted interpolated pixel data in all of said at least twodirections to generate interpolated pixel data; and generating an imagebased on said weighted interpolated pixel data, wherein a control signalfor varying a slope of an input/output characteristic of saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions is generatedand control is performed by said control signal whether the correlationis to be emphasized depending on said correlation value in each of saidat least two directions.
 6. The camera signal processing method as setforth in claim 5, wherein: a predetermined value is subtracted from saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions; and saidpredetermined value is added to the subtracted correlation value in eachof said at least two directions; wherein; said predetermined value issubtracted from said correlation value in each of said at least twodirections and then a slope of an input/output characteristic of saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions is varied toadd said predetermined value by said adding means.
 7. The camera signalprocessing method as set forth in claim 5, wherein said slope of saidinput/output characteristic is varied by limiting a range of saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions.
 8. The camerasignal processing method as set forth in claim 5, wherein saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions is normalizedto generate a normalized value indicative of a relative value of saidcorrelation value in each of said at least two directions and a slope ofsaid normalized value is varied.